INTERNATIONAL AERIAL COMBAT SPORT FEDERATION, INC.

IACSF

BYLAWS AND GOVERNING CHARTER

Adopted by the Founding Board of Directors

2026

PREAMBLE

The International Aerial Combat Sport Federation, Inc. (hereinafter “IACSF” or “the Federation”) is established as the supreme international governing authority for all forms of aerial combat sport conducted globally, encompassing full-scale piloted aircraft, remotely controlled aircraft, unmanned aerial systems, and any emerging aerial combat disciplines yet to be defined.

The IACSF is formed to organize, regulate, promote, and govern competitive events in the sport of Aerial Combat; to establish uniform standards of play, conduct, and safety; and to operate as a professionally managed sport federation for the benefit of its Member Teams, affiliated leagues, and all stakeholders of the sport.

The Federation is founded upon the conviction that aerial combat sport, pursued responsibly and under rigorous governance, represents a unique confluence of aviation excellence, competitive athleticism, strategic acumen, and technological innovation. These Bylaws constitute the supreme governing instrument of the IACSF, establishing its organizational structure, operational procedures, regulatory authority, and the rights and obligations of all affiliated entities and individuals.

ARTICLE I — NAME, PURPOSE, AND AUTHORITY

Section 1.1 — Name

The name of the organization shall be the International Aerial Combat Sport Federation, Inc., operating under the acronym IACSF (hereinafter referred to as “the Federation”).

Section 1.2 — Purpose

The IACSF is organized to:

• 1. Organize, regulate, promote, and govern competitive events in the sport of Aerial Combat at the international level.

• 2. Establish uniform standards of competition, safety, technical compliance, and professional conduct.

• 3. Sanction, oversee, and adjudicate international championships, founding league competitions, and affiliated events.

• 4. Certify, train, and maintain standards for judges, technical officials, safety officers, and all competition personnel.

• 5. License and certify pilots, operators, teams, and equipment operating under IACSF authority.

• 6. Protect the health, safety, and welfare of all participants, officials, and spectators.

• 7. Control and regulate all IACSF intellectual property, media rights, sponsorship rights, licensing rights, and commercial partnerships.

• 8. Uphold principles of fair play, sportsmanship, and competitive integrity.

• 9. Operate as a commercially sustainable organization that promotes the growth and global recognition of aerial combat sport.

Section 1.3 — Authority

These Bylaws constitute the supreme governing authority of the IACSF and are binding upon all Member Teams, Affiliated Leagues, owners, officers, directors, managers, employees, contractors, participants, officials, volunteers, and any other persons or entities participating in IACSF activities.

The IACSF, acting through the Board of Directors and the Commissioner, shall have full power and authority to regulate, supervise, and control all IACSF competitions, business affairs, safety standards, commercial activities, and member conduct. Without limitation, this authority includes the right to:

• 1. Promulgate, interpret, mediate, and enforce the IACSF Rulebook, Operating Standards Manual, safety protocols, and all adopted IACSF policies and directives.

• 2. Admit, deny, suspend, discipline, fine, or expel Member Teams or participants for violations of IACSF requirements or conduct deemed detrimental to the IACSF.

• 3. Establish mandatory operational, safety, insurance, branding, and media standards for all IACSF events and Member Team activities.

• 4. Control and regulate all IACSF intellectual property, media rights, sponsorship rights, licensing rights, and commercial partnerships.

• 5. Require Member Teams to execute agreements, provide documentation, or take actions necessary to maintain IACSF compliance, safety, and commercial integrity.

• 6. Conduct investigations, audits, or reviews of Member Team operations where compliance, safety, financial responsibility, or brand integrity is in question.

• 7. Issue binding directives, interpretations, and decisions that shall have immediate effect unless stayed by the Board.

All Member Teams expressly acknowledge that participation in the IACSF is a privilege contingent upon compliance with these Bylaws, and that IACSF decisions made in good faith under this authority shall be final and binding within the Federation.

Section 1.4 — International Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction of the IACSF is global and extends to:

• (a) All sanctioned aerial combat sport competitions, championships, leagues, and events conducted anywhere in the world under the IACSF banner or sanction.

• (b) All IACSF-affiliated leagues, national federations, regional bodies, and Member Teams.

• (c) All individuals holding IACSF credentials, including pilots, operators, officials, judges, technical inspectors, and team representatives.

• (d) All aircraft, equipment, and systems operating under IACSF technical standards.

• (e) Any entity or individual voluntarily submitting to IACSF authority through affiliation, licensing, or sanctioning agreements.

Section 1.5 — Regional Chapters

The Federation shall have authority to establish regional chapters in geographic zones determined by the Board. Regional chapters shall operate under these Bylaws and subordinate regulations issued by the Federation. No regional chapter may adopt rules that conflict with or supersede IACSF Bylaws, the IACSF Technical Code, or the IACSF Competition Rules.

Section 1.6 — Conflict of Documents

In the event of any conflict between IACSF governing documents, the following priority order shall control: (1) these Bylaws; (2) the IACSF Rulebook and Competition Rules; (3) the Operating Standards Manual; (4) all other IACSF policies and directives. The IACSF shall retain authority to interpret any provision within its applicable document, but may not override this hierarchy. Failure to comply with any directive issued pursuant to IACSF authority shall be subject to the disciplinary provisions of Article XX.

ARTICLE II — LEGAL STATUS

Section 2.1 — Entity Type

The IACSF is organized as a non-profit corporation. No part of the net earnings of the Federation shall inure to the benefit of, or be distributable to, its directors, officers, members, or private individuals, except that the Federation shall be authorized to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payments and distributions in furtherance of its stated purposes.

Section 2.2 — Principal Place of Business

The principal place of business shall be located at such address as established by the Board of Directors, or at such other place as determined by the Board from time to time.

Section 2.3 — Governing Law

To the extent local law must apply to Federation governance and operations, the jurisdiction shall be that of the Federation's legal domicile as established by the Board of Directors. The IACSF's international operations shall be governed in accordance with generally applicable principles of international non-governmental sport organization governance.

ARTICLE III — DEFINITIONS

As used throughout these Bylaws and all subordinate IACSF regulations, the following terms shall have the meanings ascribed below:

“Aerial Combat Sport” means any competitive discipline in which aircraft engage in structured combat scenarios governed by IACSF rules, whether involving full-scale piloted aircraft, remotely controlled aircraft, unmanned aerial systems, or any hybrid or emerging format.

“Aircraft” means any full-scale piloted aircraft, remotely controlled aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), drone, or aerial system operating under IACSF technical standards.

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the IACSF.

“Championship” means any competition designated by the IACSF as an official championship event, including World Championships, Continental Championships, and IACSF Open Championships.

“Commissioner” means the chief enforcement and operations officer of the IACSF, appointed by the Board of Directors pursuant to Article VIII.

“Competition Rules” means the IACSF Competition Rules and Regulations, as adopted and amended from time to time by the Board.

“Conservatorship” means the temporary assumption of operational oversight of a Member Team by the IACSF as authorized under Section 20.7.

“Founding League” means any league or Member Team that was operating at the time of the IACSF’s formation and executed a Founding League Agreement with the Federation.

“Franchise Agreement” means the agreement executed between the IACSF and a Member Team establishing the terms of franchise membership, territorial rights, and operating standards.

“In Good Standing” means, with respect to a Member Team, that the Member Team is current on all IACSF fees, assessments, and financial obligations; maintains all required insurance coverages; is in full compliance with the Rulebook, Operating Standards Manual, and IACSF policies; is not under suspension or disciplinary restriction; and maintains required legal and regulatory compliance.

“Member Team” means any franchise team admitted to IACSF membership pursuant to Article IV.

“Official” means any person holding a credential issued by the IACSF to perform a defined role at a sanctioned event, including judges, technical inspectors, safety officers, and event directors.

“Rulebook” means the official IACSF Rulebook governing the rules of play for all recognized aerial combat disciplines, as adopted and amended by the Board.

“Sanctioned Event” means any competition, league season, exhibition, or championship formally sanctioned by the IACSF pursuant to these Bylaws and the Competition Rules.

“Operating Standards Manual” means the IACSF operational handbook establishing mandatory standards for Member Team operations, branding, media, safety, personnel, and event participation.

“Technical Code” means the IACSF Technical Code governing aircraft classification, equipment specifications, airworthiness standards, and technical inspection procedures for all IACSF-sanctioned events, as adopted and amended by the Board upon recommendation of the Technical Standards Committee. Where the Technical Code does not specify a particular standard, the applicable Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulation shall apply by default, including 14 CFR Part 91 for full-scale piloted aircraft and 14 CFR Part 107 for unmanned aircraft systems. In the event of conflict between the Technical Code and applicable FAA regulations, the more restrictive standard shall apply.

ARTICLE IV — MEMBERSHIP (FRANCHISE TEAMS)

Section 4.1 — Membership Defined

Membership in the IACSF consists of approved franchise teams (hereinafter “Member Teams”). Member Teams are admitted as franchisees of the IACSF, holding territorial, competitive, and commercial rights as defined in their Franchise Agreement and these Bylaws.

Section 4.2 — Classes of Membership

The IACSF shall recognize the following membership classes:

• 1. Founding Member Teams — Teams in existence at the time of IACSF formation that executed a Founding League Agreement. Founding Member Teams hold permanent, non-revocable membership subject only to compliance with these Bylaws and their Franchise Agreement.

• 2. Full Member Teams — Teams admitted to membership after the founding period pursuant to the admission requirements of Section 4.3.

• 3. Expansion Teams — Newly admitted teams subject to the additional requirements, performance deliverables, and Conservatorship authority as determined by the Board pursuant to Section 4.3.

• 4. Provisional Members — Organizations in the process of completing membership requirements. Provisional membership is granted for a period not to exceed twenty-four (24) months.

• 5. Affiliated Leagues — Leagues and competition series that have entered into a sanctioning or affiliation agreement with the IACSF but are not franchise Member Teams. Affiliated Leagues have no voting rights on the Board.

  6. Individual Members --- Individuals involved with events sanctioned by IACSF must register as members for execution of agreements, documents, coordination, and communications.

Section 4.3 — Admission of Member Teams

Teams are evaluated and admitted to the IACSF based upon the following criteria:

• Execution of a Franchise Agreement in the form approved by the Board.

• Payment of all required franchise fees and initial assessments.

• Proof of required insurance coverage meeting IACSF minimum standards.

• Demonstration of financial capacity, qualified management, and a pilot roster.

• Access to suitable venues and airspace authorizations.

• Approval by a majority vote of the Board of Directors.

Section 4.4 — Rights of Member Teams

Each Member Team in good standing shall have:

• One (1) vote on matters presented to the Board as provided in Article VI.

• Territorial protection as defined in their Franchise Agreement.

• The right to participate in IACSF competitions.

• Access to IACSF resources, training programs, and official support.

Section 4.5 — Obligations of Member Teams

Member Teams must comply with:

• These Bylaws, the IACSF Rulebook, Competition Rules, Technical Code, and all IACSF decisions.

• The Operating Standards Manual and all IACSF operational directives.

• Insurance and safety requirements as established by the IACSF.

• IACSF Branding Requirements and media obligations.

• All applicable federal, state, local, and international laws, regulations, aviation regulations, and governmental requirements related to franchise operations.

Section 4.6 — Performance Deliverables

All Member Teams must meet ongoing performance deliverables to ensure adherence to IACSF safety, operational, and commercial standards, including:

• Compliance with the IACSF Rulebook and Operating Standards Manual.

• Maintenance of all required safety procedures, insurance coverages, and regulatory approvals.

• Event participation readiness and operational capability for all scheduled IACSF events.

• Compliance with IACSF branding, media, and sponsorship obligations.

• Financial solvency and timely satisfaction of all IACSF financial obligations.

• Maintenance of qualified management, a pilot roster, and support personnel.

Failure to meet performance deliverables shall constitute a material violation of IACSF operating standards and may trigger the corrective action and disciplinary procedures of Article XX.

Section 4.7 — Membership Dues and Fees

The Board of Directors shall annually establish a schedule of dues, fees, and assessments for each class of membership. Dues shall be payable on the schedule determined by the Board. Member Teams in arrears for more than ninety (90) days shall be automatically suspended from voting rights until arrears are resolved. Member Teams in arrears for more than one hundred eighty (180) days may be subject to suspension or termination of membership.

ARTICLE V — GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

Section 5.1 — Governing Bodies

The governance of the IACSF shall be vested in the following bodies:

• 1. The Board of Directors — the supreme governing body of the Federation.

• 2. The Commissioner — the chief enforcement and operations officer appointed by the Board.

• 3. The Executive Committee — responsible for operational oversight between Board meetings.

• 4. Standing Committees [^c25]— including the Safety and Compliance Committee, Competition Rules Committee, Technical Standards Committee, Judicial and Disciplinary Committee, and Appeals Committee.

Section 5.2 — Hierarchy of Authority

The Board of Directors holds supreme authority within the Federation. All other bodies, officers, and officials derive their authority from the Board and shall act in accordance with these Bylaws and Board resolutions. In any conflict between the actions of a subordinate body and these Bylaws, these Bylaws shall prevail.

ARTICLE VI — BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 6.1 — Composition

The Board of Directors shall consist of:

• (a) One (1) Director representing each Member Team in good standing, appointed by the respective Member Team.

• (b) The Commissioner, who shall be non-voting except in the case of a tie.

• (c) Up to three (3) Independent Directors appointed by the Board for expertise in aviation safety, law, or international sport governance.

Section 6.2 — Terms of Office

Member Team Directors serve at the pleasure of their respective Member Team. Independent Directors serve terms of two (2) years and may be reappointed.

Section 6.3 — Powers and Duties of the Board

The Board of Directors shall have full authority to govern and manage the Federation, including:

• Adopting, amending, and repealing these Bylaws in accordance with Article XXVIII.

• Adopting, amending, and enforcing the Rulebook, Competition Rules, Technical Code, Safety Standards, Judging Standards, Operating Standards Manual, and all subordinate regulations.

• Establishing and dissolving Standing Committees and Special Committees.

• Appointing and removing the Commissioner and IACSF officers.

• Approving the annual budget and authorizing expenditures.

• Sanctioning and withdrawing sanction from events, leagues, and championships.

• Establishing dues, fees, and assessments.

• Admitting, suspending, and terminating Member Teams.

• Approving expansion teams pursuant to Article IV.

• Entering into contracts and agreements on behalf of the Federation.

• Controlling IACSF intellectual property, media rights, sponsorship rights, and commercial partnerships.

Section 6.4 — Voting Rights and “In Good Standing”

Each Member Team in good standing shall have one (1) vote on matters presented to the Board. A Member Team not in good standing may attend meetings but shall have no voting rights until all deficiencies are cured. The Commissioner shall be non-voting except in the case of a tie.

Section 6.5 — Voting Thresholds

Unless otherwise specified, actions of the Board require a simple majority of votes cast by Member Teams in good standing with a quorum present. The following actions require a two-thirds (2/3) supermajority vote of all Member Teams in good standing:

• Amendment of these Bylaws (subject to additional protections in Section 29.2).

• Removal of the Commissioner.

• Imposition of IACSF-wide assessments exceeding standard annual dues.

• Expulsion of a Member Team.

• Entering into any commercial agreement valued above a threshold established by the Board.

The following actions require a unanimous vote of all Member Teams in good standing:

• Dissolution of the IACSF.

• Sale of substantially all IACSF assets.

• Merger of the IACSF with another organization.

Section 6.6 — Quorum

A quorum shall consist of a majority of Member Teams in good standing. No official business may be conducted without a quorum present.

Section 6.7 — Meetings

The Board shall hold at minimum one (1) annual meeting prior to each competitive season. Special meetings may be called by the Commissioner or by a majority of Member Teams in good standing, with written notice delivered not less than seven (7) calendar days in advance of any standard special meeting. In matters involving safety, legal exposure, event cancellation, disciplinary emergencies, or time-sensitive commercial decisions, notice may be given not less than forty-eight (48) hours in advance. Notice shall include the date, time, method of meeting, a detailed agenda, and all supporting documentation necessary for informed decision-making. No vote may be taken on matters not listed in the agenda unless all Member Teams in good standing consent.

Section 6.8 — Proxy and Remote Voting

Member Teams may vote by written proxy or through remote communication methods approved by the IACSF, provided identity and authorization are verified. Voting by proxy on matters requiring a supermajority or unanimous vote must be submitted in writing with explicit authorization.

Section 6.9 — Conflict of Interest

A Member Team shall abstain from voting on matters in which it has a direct financial or territorial conflict of interest as determined by the Commissioner. Directors with a conflict shall disclose the conflict and recuse from deliberation and voting.

Section 6.10 — Removal of Directors

An Independent Director may be removed for cause by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the entire Board. Cause shall include material breach of fiduciary duty, conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, or conduct detrimental to the Federation. The affected Director shall receive written notice and an opportunity to be heard prior to any removal vote.

ARTICLE VII — OFFICERS

Section 7.1 — Officers of the Federation

The officers of the IACSF shall be: Chairperson of the Board, Vice Chairperson, Secretary-General, and Treasurer. All officers shall be elected by the Board of Directors from among the Directors, except as otherwise provided herein.

Section 7.2 — Terms of Officers

Officers shall serve terms of two (2) years and may be re-elected

Section 7.3 — Chairperson of the Board

The Chairperson shall preside at all meetings of the Board and the Executive Committee, serve as the primary elected spokesperson and representative of the IACSF, provide strategic leadership, and perform such other duties as assigned by the Board.

Section 7.4 — Vice Chairperson

The Vice Chairperson shall assist the Chairperson, preside in the Chairperson's absence, and perform such other duties as assigned.

Section 7.5 — Secretary-General

The Secretary-General shall maintain the official records and minutes of the Federation; give notice of all meetings; maintain the official register of members, officials, and licensed individuals; and perform such other administrative duties as assigned.

Section 7.6 — Treasurer

The Treasurer shall oversee the financial affairs of the Federation; maintain accurate financial records; prepare or cause to be prepared annual financial reports; present the annual budget proposal to the Board; and ensure compliance with applicable financial regulations. The Treasurer shall not disburse funds exceeding an amount established by the Board without prior Board authorization.

ARTICLE VIII — COMMISSIONER

Section 8.1 — Appointment and Removal

The Commissioner shall be appointed by the Board of Directors and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board. Removal of the Commissioner requires a two-thirds (2/3) supermajority vote of all Member Teams in good standing. The Commissioner may be an individual or entity with demonstrated expertise in sport governance, aviation operations, or professional league management.

Section 8.2 — Authority of the Commissioner

The Commissioner shall serve as the chief enforcement and operations officer of the IACSF and shall have authority to:

• Enforce the Bylaws, Rulebook, Competition Rules, Technical Code, Operating Standards Manual, and all IACSF policies.

• Administer IACSF day-to-day operations and staff.

• Issue disciplinary action pursuant to Article XX.

• Execute contracts and agreements on behalf of the IACSF within the authority granted by the Board.

• Initiate investigations of Member Teams and participants.

• Impose immediate provisional suspension where safety, legal exposure, or IACSF integrity demands it.

• Issue binding directives and interpretations with immediate effect, unless stayed by the Board.

• Act in the best interest of the IACSF in urgent matters between Board meetings, subject to ratification.

Section 8.3 — Commissioner Review

The Commissioner shall review all proposed Bylaw amendments and shall provide the Board with a written advisory opinion regarding the operational, safety, legal, and commercial impact of any proposed amendment prior to the vote.

Section 8.4 — Reporting

The Commissioner shall report to the Board at each regular meeting on enforcement actions, pending investigations, operational status, safety performance, and financial matters. The Commissioner shall maintain a written record of all disciplinary decisions and directives issued.

ARTICLE IX — EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Section 9.1 — Composition

The Executive Committee shall consist of the Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Secretary-General, Treasurer, the Commissioner (non-voting except in a tie), and two (2) Member Team Directors elected by the Board.

Section 9.2 — Authority

Between meetings of the Board, the Executive Committee shall have authority to act on all matters within the Board's jurisdiction that require action prior to the next Board meeting, with the exception of: amending the Bylaws; removing the Commissioner or an officer; approving a budget or expenditure exceeding thresholds set by the Board; admitting or expelling a Member Team; or approving expansion. All actions of the Executive Committee shall be reported to the full Board at its next meeting and are subject to Board ratification.

Section 9.3 — Meetings and Quorum

The Executive Committee shall meet as needed, either in person or by electronic means. A majority of Executive Committee members shall constitute a quorum. Actions shall be taken by majority vote of those present.

ARTICLE X — STANDING COMMITTEES

Section 10.1 — Establishment

The Board shall maintain the following Standing Committees, each operating under written Terms of Reference approved by the Board. The Board may establish additional Special Committees or Working Groups as needed.

Section 10.2 — Safety and Compliance Committee

This Committee shall: develop and recommend safety standards for all aircraft categories and event types; review safety incident reports and investigate accidents and near-misses at sanctioned events; audit compliance with safety requirements across Member Teams and Affiliated Leagues; maintain the IACSF Safety Manual; and recommend sanctions for safety violations.

The Committee shall consist of five (5) to seven (7) members appointed by the Board, including at least one certified aviation safety professional and one representative from an Active Member Team. The Chair shall be a Director appointed by the Board. A quorum shall consist of a majority of seated members. The Committee shall meet at minimum quarterly, or more frequently as required to address urgent safety matters. The Committee shall submit an annual written report to the Board summarizing safety incidents, compliance findings, and recommended policy changes.

Section 10.3 — Competition Rules Committee

This Committee shall: develop, review, and recommend amendments to the IACSF Competition Rules and Rulebook; interpret competition rules when questions arise between events; coordinate rule standardization across Member Teams and Affiliated Leagues; and review protests or rules disputes referred from the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee.

The Committee shall consist of five (5) to nine (9) members appointed by the Board, including representation from Active Member Teams and at minimum one independent rules specialist. The Chair shall be appointed by the Board. A quorum shall consist of a majority of seated members. The Committee shall meet at minimum twice annually, or as required during active competition seasons. The Committee shall submit proposed rule amendments to the Board no later than ninety (90) days prior to the start of each competitive season, accompanied by a written summary of the rationale for each amendment.

Section 10.4 — Technical Standards Committee

This Committee shall: develop and maintain the IACSF Technical Code; establish aircraft classification criteria; certify aircraft types and systems for use in sanctioned events; oversee technical inspection procedures; and liaise with aviation regulatory authorities globally.

The Committee shall consist of five (5) to seven (7) members appointed by the Board, including at least two (2) qualified aviation or aerospace professionals. The Chair shall be appointed by the Board. A quorum shall consist of a majority of seated members. The Committee shall meet at minimum twice annually and shall publish updated Technical Code provisions in accordance with the review cycle established therein. The Committee shall report to the Board on any proposed changes to aircraft classifications, certification standards, or regulatory compliance requirements at least sixty (60) days prior to their intended effective date.

Section 10.5 — Judicial and Disciplinary Committee

This Committee shall be independent of the competitive structure of the Federation. It shall adjudicate all disciplinary matters referred to it by the Commissioner, conduct hearings, impose sanctions, and maintain records of all disciplinary proceedings. Committee members shall serve fixed terms not concurrent with elective positions. Members with a conflict of interest in a pending matter shall recuse themselves.

The Committee shall consist of three (3) to five (5) members appointed by the Board, none of whom shall hold a concurrent elective position within the Federation or be affiliated with any party to a pending proceeding. The Chair shall be appointed by the Board. A quorum shall consist of a majority of seated members. The Committee shall convene as required to address referred matters and shall issue written decisions within thirty (30) days of completing a hearing. The Committee shall submit to the Board a semi-annual summary report of proceedings, sanctions imposed, and any systemic concerns identified.

Section 10.6 — Appeals Committee

This Committee shall hear and determine appeals from decisions of the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee and from other official decisions as provided in these Bylaws. Appeals Committee decisions shall be final and binding within the Federation.

The Appeals Committee shall consist of five (5) members appointed by the Board, none of whom shall be a current Member Team Director or a member of the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee. The Chair shall be appointed by the Board from among the five (5) members. A quorum shall consist of three (3) members. The Committee shall convene as required to hear appeals and shall issue written decisions within forty-five (45) days of receipt of a complete appeal submission. The Committee shall submit an annual summary report to the Board of all appeals heard, outcomes, and any recommended policy changes arising from appeal proceedings.

Section 10.7 — Judges Panel

The Board shall maintain a certified Judges Panel responsible for officiating at all IACSF sanctioned events. The Panel shall be overseen by a Chief Judge appointed by the Board, who shall establish judging standards, oversee certification and training, and be responsible for judging assignments at IACSF Championships. Detailed judging standards and certification requirements shall be maintained in the Judging Standards document approved by the Board.

The Judges Panel shall maintain a minimum of ten (10) certified judges across all active competition disciplines. The Chief Judge shall serve a two-year term, renewable once. Certification and renewal standards shall be established by the Chief Judge in accordance with the Judging Standards document. A quorum for any formal Panel business shall consist of five (5) certified judges. The Chief Judge shall report to the Board at least annually on panel composition, certification status, training activities, and recommendations for improvements to judging procedures.

ARTICLE XI — RULEBOOK AND OPERATING STANDARDS

Section 11.1 — IACSF Rulebook

The official rules of play shall be established and maintained in the IACSF Rulebook, adopted and amended by the Board. The Rulebook is binding on all Member Teams, competitors, and officials at all sanctioned events. In the event of conflict between a Member Team's local rules and the IACSF Rulebook, the IACSF Rulebook shall prevail.

Section 11.2 — Operating Standards Manual

All Member Teams shall strictly comply with the Operating Standards Manual and all IACSF operational directives. The Manual establishes mandatory standards for team operations, safety protocols, branding, media obligations, personnel requirements, and event participation. Compliance with the Operating Standards Manual is a continuing condition of IACSF membership.

Section 11.3 — Disciplines and Categories

The Federation shall recognize and regulate the following aerial combat sport disciplines, subject to revision by the Board:

• 1. Full-Scale Aerial Combat — Competition involving piloted aircraft in defined aerial engagement zones with structured combat scenarios.

• 2. Full-Scale Dogfight Simulation — Structured aerial engagements between piloted aircraft utilizing approved scoring methods including smoke systems, gun camera, laser tag systems, or other approved simulation technologies.

• 3. Remote Combat Class — Competition involving remotely piloted aircraft of specified size, weight, and capability categories in combat scenarios.

• 4. Drone Combat — High-speed unmanned aerial system combat within designated controlled airspace.

• 5. Team Combat — Formation-based combat disciplines involving coordinated multi-aircraft team engagements.

• 6. Emerging Disciplines — The Board shall have authority to recognize, provisionally sanction, and develop rules for emerging aerial combat disciplines not yet categorized.

Section 11.4 — Rule Interpretation

Official interpretation of the Competition Rules rests with the Competition Rules Committee. The Commissioner has authority to issue binding interpretations in urgent matters, subject to review by the Competition Rules Committee. At sanctioned events, the designated Senior Judge holds in-event interpretation authority subject to post-event review.

ARTICLE XII — LEAGUES, CHAMPIONSHIPS, AND COMPETITIONS

Section 12.1 — Sanctioning Authority

Only the IACSF may designate an event, series, or league as a sanctioned IACSF competition. The use of IACSF marks, Championship designations, or World Ranking points is contingent upon current, valid IACSF sanction. Any entity purporting to hold or use IACSF designations without valid sanction shall be subject to immediate legal action.

Section 12.2 — Championship Tiers

The Federation shall designate the following championship tiers:

• 1. IACSF World Championship — The premier annual or biennial competition determining the world champion in each recognized discipline and aircraft category.

• 2. IACSF Continental Championships — Regional championship events held within the Federation's recognized continental zones.

• 3. IACSF Open Series — Sanctioned international competitions open to all qualified competitors.

• 4. Member Team Season Championships — End-of-season championships conducted under IACSF rules and sanction.

Section 12.3 — Sanctioning Requirements

To receive IACSF sanction, an event organizer must:

• (a) Submit a completed Sanctioning Application [^c71]no fewer than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the event.

• (b) Demonstrate compliance with IACSF safety [^c72]standards, insurance requirements, and venue criteria.

• (c) Agree in writing to conduct the event in strict accordance with IACSF Competition Rules.

• (d) Agree to submit to IACSF oversight, including deployment of IACSF officials.

• (e) Pay the applicable sanctioning fee.

• (f) Provide proof of airspace authorization from the relevant civil aviation authority.

Section 12.4 — Event Calendar

The Federation shall publish an annual IACSF Competition Calendar. Conflicts between Member Team events and IACSF Championships shall be resolved in favor of IACSF Championships.

Section 12.5 — World Rankings

The Federation shall maintain and publish IACSF World Rankings for each recognized discipline, updated following each sanctioned event. Rankings shall serve as the primary qualification criteria for IACSF Championships.

Section 12.6 — Withdrawal of Sanction

The IACSF may withdraw sanction from any event at any time upon a finding that the event organizer has materially violated the Sanctioning Agreement, endangered participants or the public, or brought the sport into disrepute. Withdrawal may be immediate in cases of imminent safety risk.

ARTICLE XIII — SAFETY STANDARDS AND COMPLIANCE

Section 13.1 — Primacy of Safety

Safety is the paramount consideration in all IACSF activities. No competitive result, commercial obligation, broadcast schedule, or other consideration shall supersede the duty to protect the safety of pilots, operators, officials, spectators, and the general public. All personnel operating under IACSF authority are obligated to halt or suspend operations whenever a genuine safety risk is identified.

Section 13.2 — IACSF Safety Manual

The Safety and Compliance Committee shall draft and maintain the IACSF Safety Manual establishing binding minimum safety requirements for all sanctioned events, addressing at minimum:

• (a) Airspace requirements, buffer zones, and spectator separation standards by aircraft category.

• (b) Aircraft airworthiness inspection standards and certification requirements.

• (c) Pilot and operator fitness requirements, including medical certification standards.

• (d) Emergency response planning requirements, including minimum medical personnel.

• (e) Fire suppression, fuel handling, and ground safety standards.

• (f) Communication and abort signal protocols during active competition.

• (g) Weather minimums and operational limits by discipline and category.

• (h) Environmental hazard assessment procedures.

• (i) Crowd control and spectator safety management.

Section 13.3 — Safety Officer Authority

The IACSF Safety Officer deployed to any sanctioned event holds independent authority to order suspension or cessation of any activity posing an unacceptable risk to safety. This authority supersedes any instruction from event organizers, sponsors, or competition officials. No adverse action may be taken against any Safety Officer for the exercise of this authority in good faith.

Section 13.4 — Incident Reporting

All accidents, incidents, and near-miss events at IACSF sanctioned events shall be reported to the Safety and Compliance Committee within forty-eight (48) hours using the prescribed IACSF Safety Incident Report form. Serious accidents involving injury, death, or significant property damage shall be reported immediately. Failure to report safety incidents is a disciplinary violation.

Section 13.5 — Safety Audits

The Safety and Compliance Committee shall conduct safety audits of all Member Teams no less frequently than once every two (2) years and may conduct unannounced safety inspections of any sanctioned event. Teams failing to meet IACSF safety standards shall be placed on a remediation plan and may have sanction suspended until compliance is restored.

Section 13.6 — Pilot and Operator Medical Requirements

All pilots of full-scale aircraft participating in IACSF sanctioned events shall maintain a valid medical certificate issued by the relevant civil aviation authority at the minimum level required for the aircraft being operated, and shall additionally meet any higher IACSF-specific fitness standards established in the Safety Manual. Remote aircraft operators shall meet medical standards for visual acuity, cognitive function, and reaction time as defined in the Safety Manual.

Section 13.7 — Emergency Suspension Protocol

The Chairperson and Commissioner, acting jointly, may immediately suspend the sanction of any event or series upon credible evidence of immediate danger to life or safety. Such emergency suspension shall be reviewed by the Board within thirty (30) days.

ARTICLE XIV — TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND AIRCRAFT CLASSIFICATION

Section 14.1 — Technical Code Authority

The IACSF Technical Code is binding on all aircraft operating in sanctioned events and on all entities supplying equipment. The Technical Standards Committee shall maintain and update the Technical Code, with all substantive amendments requiring Board approval.

Section 14.2 — Aircraft Classification System

The Federation shall establish and maintain a classification system for all aircraft competing under IACSF rules. Classification criteria shall include aircraft type and propulsion system; maximum gross weight; wingspan or rotor diameter; maximum speed capability; propellant or energy source type; and level of automation. New aircraft types shall submit to a technical review process prior to competition eligibility.

Section 14.3 — Technical Inspection

Every aircraft entered in a sanctioned event shall pass a pre-competition technical inspection conducted by or under the supervision of an IACSF-certified Technical Inspector. Aircraft that fail technical inspection shall not be permitted to compete until deficiencies are remedied and the aircraft re-passes inspection.

Section 14.4 — Post-Event Technical Compliance

Aircraft may be subject to post-event technical inspection at any time at the direction of the Technical Inspector or Chief Judge. Failure to comply with a post-event inspection request or tampering with aircraft following competition shall result in disqualification and disciplinary proceedings.

Section 14.5 — Homologation

The Technical Standards Committee shall maintain a homologation process for certifying aircraft types and systems for use in specific IACSF classes. Homologation decisions are subject to appeal pursuant to Article XXI.

Section 14.6 — Prohibited Technologies

The Technical Standards Committee shall maintain a list of prohibited technologies, systems, and modifications. Prohibited categories shall include at minimum: weapons capable of causing actual harm to aircraft or personnel; jamming or spoofing systems targeting other competitors; systems that interfere with air traffic control communications; and autonomous combat systems operating beyond defined safety parameters.

ARTICLE XV — LICENSING AND CERTIFICATION

Section 15.1 — Licensing Requirement

No individual may compete as a pilot or remote operator in any IACSF sanctioned event, or serve as a judge, technical inspector, or safety officer, without holding a current, valid IACSF credential. Member Teams may not permit unlicensed individuals to compete in events submitted for IACSF points or sanction.

Section 15.2 — Competitor Licensing

The IACSF shall establish a competitor licensing program, requiring at minimum:

• (a) Demonstration of aviation competency appropriate to the aircraft category.

• (b) Current medical certification meeting IACSF standards for the relevant discipline.

• (c) Completion of IACSF safety and competition rules education.

• (d) Execution of the IACSF Competitor Agreement and Code of Conduct.

• (e) Payment of the applicable licensing fee.

Licenses are subject to annual renewal and may be suspended or revoked pursuant to Article XX.

Section 15.3 — Official Certification

The IACSF shall maintain certification programs for judges, technical inspectors, safety officers, event directors, and other categories as the Board may establish. Each program shall include a training curriculum, examination, and practical evaluation. Certified officials shall complete continuing education to maintain certification.

ARTICLE XVI — JUDGING STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES

Section 16.1 — Authority of the Judges Panel

Judging decisions made in accordance with IACSF Judging Standards at sanctioned events are final on matters of in-competition scoring and are not subject to protest except for application of the wrong rule, calculation error, or failure to observe mandatory procedure.

Section 16.2 — Judging Independence

Judges shall be independent of any team, league, manufacturer, or entity with a competitive interest in the event being judged. No judge may score in a competition in which their affiliated team or a household family member is competing. Violations of judging independence are grounds for certification revocation.

Section 16.3 — Scoring Transparency

At all IACSF Championships, scoring shall use an approved electronic system recording each judge's individual scores, time of entry, and final computations. Score records shall be retained for a minimum of five (5) years. Aggregated scores shall be publicly posted following each competitive session.

Section 16.4 — Scoring Disputes and Protests

Protests related to scoring shall be filed in accordance with the Competition Rules, within prescribed time limits, and accompanied by the required protest fee. Protests are reviewed by the Chief Judge and two uninvolved Senior Judges. Their decision is final on scoring matters unless a systemic error is identified.

ARTICLE XVII — ASSESSMENTS, FINES, AND FINANCIAL PENALTIES

Section 17.1 — Standard Assessments

The IACSF may assess standard dues, fees, and financial assessments to Members or Teams as necessary to support IACSF operations, safety programs, insurance requirements, and administrative functions, as approved by the Board.

Section 17.2 — Authority to Issue Fines

The Commissioner may levy fines where a Member Team:

• Fails to comply with operational or safety standards.

• Fails to meet event participation obligations.

• Violates branding, media, or sponsorship requirements.

• Engages in conduct detrimental to the IACSF's reputation or commercial interests.

• Fails to maintain required insurance or legal compliance.

• Disregards IACSF directives or governance procedures.

Section 17.3 — Purpose of Punitive Fines

Fines serve not merely to recover losses but as a deterrent to preserve competitive integrity, safety, and the professional standards of the IACSF. Fines may be structured as fixed monetary penalties; escalating penalties for repeated violations; event-based penalties tied to specific competitions; or assessment of costs incurred by the IACSF as a result of the violation.

Section 17.4 — Notice and Payment

Written notice of any fine shall be provided to the Member Team specifying the violation and the amount due. Fines shall be payable within the timeframe specified in the notice. Failure to pay assessed fines may result in loss or suspension of voting rights; restriction on event participation; escalating financial penalties; referral to the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee; or suspension or expulsion from the IACSF.

Section 17.5 — Fine Limits

Maximum fine amounts that the Commissioner may impose without Board approval shall be established by the Board by resolution. Fines exceeding that threshold require approval by a majority vote of the Board.

ARTICLE XVIII — ANTI-DOPING AND PERFORMANCE INTEGRITY

Section 18.1 — Anti-Doping Commitment and Authority

The IACSF is committed to the principle that all competition shall be conducted free of prohibited performance-enhancing substances and methods. Given the safety-critical nature of aerial combat sport, substance use presents not only a competitive integrity issue but a direct public safety hazard. The IACSF adopts and enforces an anti-doping policy aligned with the World Anti-Doping Agency (“WADA”) Code and United States Anti-Doping Agency (“USADA”) standards, as may be updated from time to time. The Board of Directors shall be responsible for maintaining, updating, and enforcing this policy. All licensed competitors, Team Personnel, officials, and any other individuals credentialed to participate in IACSF-sanctioned events are bound by this Article as a condition of participation. Compliance is incorporated by reference into all Franchise Agreements, Team Licensing Agreements, and event sanction agreements.

Section 18.2 — Prohibited Substances

“Prohibited Substances” means all substances and methods listed on the current WADA Prohibited List, as updated annually on January 1 of each year, and any additional substance or method separately prohibited by written notice issued by the IACSF Board. Prohibited Substances include without limitation: (a) anabolic steroids and related substances; (b) stimulants, including amphetamines and related compounds; (c) narcotics and opioids; (d) cannabinoids (including THC) above applicable WADA threshold limits; (e) beta-blockers, specifically prohibited for precision and judgment-based aviation disciplines; (f) growth hormone, IGF-1, and related peptides; (g) blood doping agents and erythropoietin (EPO); and (h) alcohol exceeding a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.001 within twelve (12) hours of or during any competition session. The Board shall publish and distribute the current Prohibited List to all Member Teams at least thirty (30) days before it takes effect each year.

Section 18.3 — Testing

The IACSF, or its authorized testing partner, reserves the right to conduct or commission random anti-doping tests on any Pilot or Team Personnel at any time during a sanctioned season, including at Championship Events, at team facilities, or out-of-competition, with or without advance notice. Competitors at IACSF Championships and randomly selected sanctioned events may be subject to pre-competition, in-competition, or out-of-competition testing. All Pilots and Team Personnel shall cooperate fully with all testing procedures. Refusal to submit to testing shall be treated as a confirmed positive result and subject to the consequences set forth in Section 18.5. The IACSF shall maintain the confidentiality of all test results except as required by applicable law, WADA reporting requirements, or the publication of final disciplinary decisions.

Section 18.4 — Impairing Substances Prohibition

No competitor may operate an aircraft in competition under the influence of any substance — including alcohol, prescription medications, or over-the-counter preparations — that impairs judgment, reaction time, coordination, or vision. Medical review officers may require grounding of any competitor whose fitness is in question.

Section 18.5 — Consequences of Violations

A confirmed anti-doping violation shall result in the following consequences, as determined by the IACSF Judicial and Disciplinary Committee: (a) immediate suspension from the event at which the violation is detected; (b) disqualification of all results achieved at the affected event; (c) suspension from future IACSF-sanctioned events for a period consistent with WADA Code guidelines, with a minimum of two (2) years for a first offense and a lifetime ban for a second offense; (d) forfeiture of all prize money earned at the affected event; and (e) referral to the applicable licensing authority for consideration of termination of the Member Team’s Franchise Agreement or Licensing Agreement. All proceedings shall afford the accused a reasonable opportunity to be heard prior to the imposition of sanctions, consistent with applicable WADA procedural requirements.

Section 18.6 — Therapeutic Use Exemptions

A Pilot or Team Personnel who requires the use of a Prohibited Substance for legitimate medical purposes may apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (“TUE”) in accordance with the WADA International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions. TUE applications shall be submitted to the IACSF Medical Committee no later than thirty (30) days before the applicable competition, except in cases of emergency medical treatment. Retroactive TUEs may be considered in accordance with WADA standards. Approval of a TUE does not exempt the Pilot from fitness-to-fly standards set forth in applicable agreements and civil aviation regulations.

Section 18.7 — Manipulation of Competition

The IACSF absolutely prohibits any manipulation of competition results, including match-fixing, deliberate non-performance, bribery, corrupt instructions to competitors, and unauthorized receipt of betting-related information. Violations may result in lifetime ineligibility.

ARTICLE XIX — INSURANCE AND LIABILITY

Section 19.1 — Insurance Requirements for Sanctioned Events

No event shall receive or retain IACSF sanction unless the organizer maintains insurance coverage as required by the IACSF Insurance Schedule applicable to the sport classification of the event, as established and updated by the Board from time to time. The Insurance Schedule shall specify the categories of required coverage and minimum limits for each sport classification governed by the IACSF. Failure to procure or maintain the required coverage shall result in immediate withdrawal of sanction. Proof of coverage meeting the applicable Insurance Schedule requirements shall be submitted to the IACSF no later than ninety (90) days prior to the event and upon request thereafter.

Section 19.2 — Member Team Insurance Obligations

Each Member Team shall, as a continuing condition of membership, procure and maintain, at its sole cost, all insurance coverages required by the IACSF Insurance Schedule applicable to their sport classification, as established and updated by the Board from time to time. All policies shall name the IACSF as an additional insured and shall provide thirty (30) days’ written notice to the IACSF prior to cancellation or material modification. Proof of current coverage shall be submitted to the IACSF no later than sixty (60) days prior to each Championship Event and annually upon renewal of each policy. Failure to maintain required insurance shall be grounds for immediate provisional suspension from all IACSF activities pending restoration of compliant coverage.

Section 19.3 — Federation Liability Insurance

The IACSF shall maintain appropriate directors and officers liability insurance and general liability insurance for the Federation's own activities.

Section 19.4 — Participant Assumption of Risk

All licensed competitors, officials, crew members, volunteers, and credentialed media personnel participating in or attending IACSF sanctioned events shall execute an IACSF Participant Agreement that includes an informed acknowledgment of the inherent risks of aerial combat sport and, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, a release and indemnification of the IACSF, event organizers, and fellow participants from claims arising from ordinary risks of participation. Nothing herein limits liability for gross negligence, recklessness, or willful misconduct.

Section 19.5 — Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The IACSF shall indemnify and hold harmless each Director, officer, and authorized representative against claims and liabilities arising from their service to the Federation, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, provided the individual acted in good faith in the best interests of the Federation.

ARTICLE XX — DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS AND ENFORCEMENT

Section 20.1 — Jurisdiction

The IACSF has disciplinary jurisdiction over all licensed individuals, Member Teams, and affiliated entities. Disciplinary proceedings may be initiated by the Commissioner on the Commissioner’s own motion, upon referral from any Standing Committee, or upon complaint by a Member Team, licensed individual, or official. The disciplinary process set forth in this Article is incorporated by reference into all Franchise Agreements, Team Licensing Agreements, and event sanction agreements.

Section 20.2 — Judicial and Disciplinary Committee Composition

The Judicial and Disciplinary Committee (the “Committee”) shall consist of three (3) members appointed by the Board of Directors: (a) one (1) independent legal professional with experience in sports law or aviation regulation; (b) one (1) IACSF Board representative who is not affiliated with any Member Team directly involved in the matter; and (c) one (1) representative nominated by the Member Teams collectively. Committee members shall serve two-year terms and may be reappointed. No Committee member may participate in proceedings in which they have a direct conflict of interest. The Committee shall be independent of the competitive structure of the Federation and shall elect a Chair from among its members at the commencement of each proceeding.

Section 20.3 — Categories of Violations

Violations subject to IACSF disciplinary proceedings include:

1. Safety Violations — Operating aircraft in an unsafe manner; falsifying inspection records; competing with uncertified equipment; ignoring safety official instructions; or failure to maintain required insurance.

2. Competition Integrity Violations — Cheating, deliberate interference with other competitors, match-fixing, collusion, bribery of officials, use of prohibited technologies, or misrepresentation of aircraft specifications.

3. Anti-Doping Violations — Violations of the IACSF Anti-Doping Policy under Article XVIII.

4. Misconduct — Unsportsmanlike conduct, harassment, intimidation, abuse, discrimination, or conduct detrimental to the sport or the IACSF.

5. Regulatory and Operational Violations — Non-compliance with licensing requirements, failure to report incidents, operating under a suspended credential, violation of airspace regulations, failure to meet performance deliverables, or failure to comply with IACSF directives.

6. Administrative Violations — Failure to pay dues or fees, submission of false documents, or interference with IACSF administrative or investigative processes.

Section 20.4 — Investigative Authority

The Commissioner may initiate an investigation upon reasonable belief that a violation has occurred. Member Teams and individuals must fully cooperate with any investigation and promptly provide requested documents, records, or access to facilities.

Section 20.5 — Notice of Opportunity to Cure

Except in cases involving immediate safety or legal risk, the IACSF shall provide written notice of the violation and a reasonable opportunity to cure the deficiency within a specified timeframe prior to initiating formal disciplinary proceedings.

Section 20.6 — Available Sanctions

Upon a finding that a violation is established, the Committee shall apply sanctions in proportion to the severity, intent, recurrence, safety impact, and commercial harm of the violation. Available sanctions include, in escalating order: (a) Written Warning — for first-time or minor procedural violations, issued with required corrective action; (b) Formal Reprimand — for violations of greater severity or where a prior warning was not heeded, entered into the permanent record; (c) Fine pursuant to Article XVII; (d) Operational Sanctions — including removal from a competition session, disqualification of event results, loss of championship points, or suspension from one or more events; (e) Probation with specified conditions; (f) Suspension from competition or official duties for a defined period; (g) Revocation of IACSF credential or license; (h) Permanent ineligibility from IACSF sanctioned events; and (i) For Member Teams: suspension or termination of membership.

Section 20.7 — Provisional Suspension and Interim Measures

In cases involving an immediate threat to safety, competition integrity, or IACSF integrity, the Commissioner or the Committee Chair may impose a provisional suspension or interim measures pending a full hearing — including temporary suspension from competition, grounding of a Pilot, or exclusion from Championship facilities — without prior notice where circumstances require immediate action. Provisional suspension shall not exceed sixty (60) days. Interim measures shall be reviewed by the full Committee within five (5) business days of imposition. Following issuance of a provisional suspension: (1) the Commissioner shall provide written notice describing the basis; (2) the respondent shall submit a corrective action plan within the specified timeframe; (3) the Commissioner may allow a reasonable opportunity to implement corrective measures subject to verification; (4) the IACSF may require documentation, third-party verification, or on-site inspection to confirm resolution; and (5) the Commissioner shall determine whether the suspension is lifted, maintained, or escalated to further disciplinary action.

Section 20.8 — Conservatorship

If deficiencies creating safety, legal, or commercial risk to the IACSF are not cured within the prescribed period, the Board may place a Member Team into IACSF Conservatorship. Under Conservatorship: the IACSF may assume temporary operational oversight of the Member Team; the IACSF may appoint an operational advisor or manager; financial controls may be imposed; participation in events may be conditioned or restricted; and the Member Team’s voting rights are suspended during the Conservatorship period. Conservatorship is corrective, not punitive, and is intended to preserve the Member Team’s viability while protecting the IACSF’s integrity. Failure to remedy deficiencies while under Conservatorship may result in suspension or expulsion pursuant to Section 20.6.

Section 20.9 — Effect of Expulsion

Upon expulsion: all rights to participate in IACSF events cease immediately; all licenses to use IACSF intellectual property are revoked; outstanding financial obligations remain due; and the IACSF may reassign the territory and franchise rights at its discretion.

Section 20.10 — Hearing Procedures

All disciplinary proceedings shall comply with fundamental principles of due process: written notice of charges with sufficient detail to prepare a defense; reasonable opportunity to respond in writing; right to present evidence and witnesses; right to be represented by legal counsel or a designated representative at the respondent’s own expense; and a written decision setting forth findings of fact, the sanction imposed, and the basis therefor. Proceedings shall be conducted within thirty (30) days of initiation unless extended by the Committee for good cause shown.

Section 20.11 — Confidentiality of Proceedings

All disciplinary proceedings shall be conducted on a confidential basis until a final decision is issued. The Committee may publish a summary of final decisions, redacted as appropriate to protect sensitive personal or commercial information, to the extent necessary to maintain transparency and deter future violations. The existence, subject matter, and outcome of proceedings involving anti-doping violations shall be disclosed in accordance with WADA reporting requirements.

Section 20.12 — Statute of Limitations

Disciplinary proceedings must be initiated within four (4) years of the date the alleged violation occurred or became known to the IACSF, whichever is later. No statute of limitations applies to violations involving fraud, safety-related conduct resulting in injury, or match-fixing.

Section 20.13 — Recognition of External Sanctions

The IACSF shall recognize and give effect to suspensions and sanctions imposed by civil aviation authorities, recognized anti-doping authorities, and other recognized sport governing bodies where such sanctions are consistent with IACSF principles.

Section 20.14 — Corrective Action Procedures

Where a Member Team or individual fails to meet IACSF performance deliverables or is found in non-compliance with IACSF operating standards, the following corrective action process shall apply prior to the initiation of formal disciplinary proceedings, except where immediate safety or legal risk requires provisional suspension under Section 20.7:

1. Notice of Deficiency. The Commissioner shall issue a written Notice of Deficiency to the Member Team or individual specifying: (a) the nature of the deficiency or failure; (b) the specific IACSF standard, rule, or obligation that has not been met; (c) the corrective action required; and (d) the deadline for submission of a Corrective Action Plan, which shall not be less than fourteen (14) days from the date of notice.

2. Corrective Action Plan. The Member Team or individual shall submit a written Corrective Action Plan to the Commissioner within the specified deadline. The Plan must identify: (a) the root cause of the deficiency; (b) specific remedial steps to be taken; (c) a realistic timeline for full resolution; and (d) the person(s) responsible for implementation.

3. Commissioner Review. The Commissioner shall review the submitted Plan within ten (10) business days and either: (a) approve the Plan and establish a verification schedule; (b) request modifications to the Plan; or (c) reject the Plan as insufficient and proceed to disciplinary action under Section 20.6.

4. Verification. Upon completion of the corrective actions, the Member Team or individual shall notify the Commissioner in writing. The Commissioner may require documentation, third-party verification, or an on-site inspection to confirm that deficiencies have been fully resolved. The Commissioner shall issue a written confirmation of resolution or a finding of continued non-compliance within fifteen (15) days of receiving notice of completion.

5. Escalation. If a Member Team or individual: (a) fails to submit a Corrective Action Plan within the specified deadline; (b) submits a Plan that is rejected as insufficient; (c) fails to implement the approved Plan within the agreed timeline; or (d) is found by the Commissioner to have not fully resolved the deficiency — the matter shall be referred to the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee for formal disciplinary proceedings under Section 20.6. The corrective action record shall be submitted to the Committee as part of the disciplinary file.

6. Record. The Commissioner shall maintain a written record of all corrective action proceedings, including notices, plans, approvals, and outcomes. A corrective action record that is resolved in good standing shall not be treated as a prior violation for purposes of sanction escalation under Section 20.6, provided no further violations occur within twelve (12) months of resolution.

ARTICLE XXI — APPEALS PROCESS

Section 21.1 — Right of Appeal

Any individual or Member Team subject to a disciplinary sanction by the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee has the right to appeal that decision to the Appeals Committee.

Section 21.2 — Filing of Appeal

An appeal must be filed in writing with the Secretary-General within twenty-one (21) days of the written decision being appealed, specifying the grounds of appeal and accompanied by the prescribed appeal fee. The fee shall be refunded if the appeal is successful.

Section 21.3 — Grounds for Appeal

Appeals shall be limited to: (1) error of law or incorrect application of IACSF Bylaws or regulations; (2) procedural error that materially affected the outcome; (3) new evidence not reasonably available at the time of the original hearing; or (4) a sanction that is manifestly disproportionate to the violation.

Section 21.4 — Appeal Procedures and Powers

The Appeals Committee shall review the appeal record and original decision and may affirm, modify, reverse, or remand. Decisions shall be rendered within sixty (60) days. The Appeals Committee may grant a stay of sanction pending appeal upon finding substantial grounds and risk of irreparable harm if not stayed. Disciplinary actions and fines shall otherwise remain in effect during the appeal process.

Section 21.5 — Board Review

Where a provisional suspension is not resolved or escalates to further discipline, the Member Team may request review by the Board. The Board shall review the matter at its next regular meeting or a special meeting called for that purpose. The Board may uphold, modify, rescind, or remand the disciplinary action. The decision of the Board shall be final and binding on all parties.

Section 21.6 — Finality

Decisions of the Appeals Committee, and upon further review the Board, are the final internal decision of the IACSF. Nothing herein prevents a party from seeking relief in a court of competent jurisdiction, subject to any arbitration agreement executed as part of the licensing or membership process.

ARTICLE XXII — FINANCES

Section 22.1 — Fiscal Year

The fiscal year of the IACSF shall run from January 1 through December 31 of each year, unless the Board establishes a different fiscal year by resolution.

Section 22.2 — Annual Budget

The Commissioner, in consultation with the Treasurer, shall prepare a proposed annual budget for Board approval no later than sixty (60) days prior to the start of each fiscal year, covering projected revenues, operating expenses, reserves, and capital expenditures. The Board shall adopt the budget by majority vote. Material deviations from the adopted budget shall require Board authorization.

Section 22.3 — Financial Controls

The Federation shall maintain internal financial controls including segregation of duties, dual signatory requirements for disbursements above thresholds set by the Board, and regular internal review. The Treasurer shall present quarterly financial reports to the Board.

Section 22.4 — External Audit

The IACSF shall engage an independent external auditor to conduct an annual audit of the Federation's financial statements. Audited statements shall be presented to the Board within one hundred twenty (120) days of fiscal year end and shall be made available to all Member Teams upon request.

Section 22.5 — Reserves

The Board shall establish and maintain a reserve fund representing not less than six (6) months of operating expenses. Reserve funds may be expended only upon Board authorization.

ARTICLE XXIII — COMMERCIAL RIGHTS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Section 23.1 — Ownership of Commercial Rights

The IACSF holds and controls all commercial rights to IACSF Championships and events, including without limitation: broadcasting, streaming, and media rights; title, presenting, and category sponsorship rights; naming rights; data and statistics rights; licensing of IACSF marks; and ticketing revenues. Member Teams retain commercial rights to their own team events, subject to any rights reserved to the IACSF under their Franchise Agreement.

Section 23.2 — Intellectual Property

The IACSF name, acronym, logo, championship designations, rankings designations, Rulebook, Operating Standards Manual, and all other marks and materials are the sole property of the Federation. No member, team, competitor, official, or commercial partner may use IACSF marks or materials without a written license from the Federation.

Section 23.3 — Broadcasting and Media

Broadcast and streaming agreements shall be reviewed and approved by the Board. The IACSF shall maintain a media rights policy governing credentialed media access and protection of broadcast exclusivity. No Member Team may enter into broadcast or streaming agreements that conflict with IACSF media rights without prior Board approval.

Section 23.4 — Sponsorship Integrity

The IACSF shall maintain a sponsorship integrity policy governing categories of commercial partners that the Federation may and may not accept, ensuring consistency with the safety mission and public image of the IACSF. Sponsors of individual teams at IACSF events shall be subject to IACSF approval.

ARTICLE XXIV — ENVIRONMENTAL AND AIRSPACE COMPLIANCE

Section 24.1 — Civil Aviation Authority Coordination

All IACSF sanctioned events shall be conducted in full compliance with the airspace regulations and permissions of the civil aviation authority having jurisdiction. Proof of airspace authorization shall be a condition of event sanction. IACSF sanction does not constitute authorization by any civil aviation authority.

Section 24.2 — Environmental Responsibility

The IACSF and all Member Teams shall conduct operations with due regard for environmental impact, including noise management, fuel and hazardous material disposal, protection of wildlife and natural habitats, and compliance with emissions regulations. Event organizers shall submit an environmental management plan for events in environmentally sensitive locations.

Section 24.3 — Compliance with Local Law

Member Teams and event organizers are solely responsible for obtaining all permits, licenses, and approvals required by applicable law. The IACSF shall not be liable for any violation of law by an event organizer, Member Team, competitor, or official.

ARTICLE XXV — ETHICS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Section 25.1 — Code of Ethics

25.1.1 — Purpose and Scope

The IACSF is committed to conducting its affairs with the highest standards of integrity, fairness, and transparency. This Code of Ethics (“Code”) establishes the ethical standards applicable to all persons who serve the Federation in any capacity, including members of the Board of Directors, the Commissioner, Executive Committee members, Standing Committee members, appointed officials, employees, and contractors (collectively, “Covered Persons”).

This Code supplements and operates in conjunction with the IACSF Bylaws, including Sections 25.2 (Conflicts of Interest), 25.3 (Confidentiality), and 25.4 (Whistleblower Protection). In the event of any conflict between this Code and the Bylaws, the Bylaws shall control.

25.1.2 — Core Ethical Principles

Integrity. Covered Persons shall act honestly and with integrity in all Federation matters. They shall not misrepresent facts, conceal material information, or engage in deception in any communication with the Federation, its Member Teams, participants, partners, or the public.

Accountability. Covered Persons are stewards of the Federation’s mission and resources. Each Covered Person is accountable for their own conduct and decisions and shall not use their position for personal gain or to advance interests other than the legitimate interests of the IACSF.

Fairness. Covered Persons shall treat all Member Teams, participants, officials, and stakeholders with impartiality and respect. Decisions shall be made on the merits, free from favoritism, bias, or improper influence.

Transparency. Subject to applicable confidentiality obligations, information relevant to Federation decision-making shall be shared with those who have a legitimate need to know.

Respect and Professionalism. Covered Persons shall conduct themselves professionally and respectfully in all interactions, including in public communications, media appearances, and conduct at IACSF events. Conduct that brings the Federation into disrepute is prohibited regardless of the forum in which it occurs.

25.1.3 — Gifts, Hospitality, and Benefits

Covered Persons shall not solicit gifts, gratuities, entertainment, or any other benefit from any person or entity that does business with, seeks to do business with, or is regulated by the IACSF. Unsolicited benefits are subject to the following limits:

• Permitted: Meals or hospitality of modest value (not exceeding USD $150 per occasion); promotional items of nominal value (not exceeding USD $50); pre-approved speaking fees and travel reimbursements; participation in appropriate industry events.

• Prohibited: Cash payments, gift cards, or equivalents of any amount; gifts valued above USD $150 from any single source in a calendar year; any benefit accepted with the understanding it will influence a Federation decision; benefits from parties in active proceedings before the Federation.

Covered Persons who receive any unsolicited benefit exceeding USD $50 shall promptly disclose it to the Commissioner in writing. The Commissioner shall maintain a register of all disclosed benefits.

25.1.4 — Integrity of Decision-Making

Covered Persons exercising Federation authority shall act independently and in the best interests of the Federation. They shall not allow personal relationships, external employment, or financial interests to compromise their judgment, attempt to improperly influence the decisions of other officials, or offer, pay, solicit, or accept any bribe, kickback, or corrupt payment. The IACSF has a zero-tolerance policy for bribery and corruption, and violations will be referred to appropriate law enforcement authorities where required by applicable law.

25.1.5 — Use of Federation Resources and Public Communications

Covered Persons shall use Federation resources — including funds, equipment, facilities, personnel, intellectual property, and information — solely for legitimate Federation purposes. Personal use of Federation resources is prohibited unless expressly authorized in writing by the Board or Commissioner.

Covered Persons who communicate publicly about Federation matters shall do so accurately, professionally, and consistently with their confidentiality obligations. Covered Persons shall clearly distinguish personal views from official Federation positions and shall not make unauthorized statements on behalf of the IACSF.

25.1.6 — Enforcement and Acknowledgment

Alleged violations of this Code shall be investigated by the Commissioner or, if the Commissioner is implicated, by a special investigator appointed by the Board. Confirmed violations may result in written reprimand; removal from committee assignments or official positions; suspension; removal from the Board or termination of employment or contract; referral to law enforcement; or any other action authorized under the Bylaws.

Each Covered Person shall execute a written acknowledgment confirming they have read, understood, and agree to comply with this Code upon commencement of their role and annually thereafter. Executed acknowledgments shall be maintained by the Secretary-General.

Section 25.2 — Conflicts of Interest

25.2.1 — Definitions

“Conflict of Interest” means any situation in which a Covered Person has a Direct or Indirect Interest in a matter before the Federation that could improperly influence — or reasonably appear to influence — their judgment, decisions, or actions on behalf of the IACSF.

“Direct Interest” means a financial or personal stake held by the Covered Person themselves, including ownership of equity, employment, creditor or debtor relationships, pending legal claims, or a family or romantic relationship with a party to the matter.

“Indirect Interest” means a financial or personal stake held by a spouse or domestic partner, dependent child, sibling, parent, business partner, or any entity in which the Covered Person holds a five percent (5%) or greater ownership or control interest.

25.2.2 — Disclosure Obligations

Any Covered Person who has or becomes aware of a potential conflict of interest with respect to a matter before the Federation shall promptly disclose the nature of the interest to the Commissioner (or, if the Commissioner is the affected party, to the Board Chair) before any deliberation or vote on the matter takes place. Disclosure shall be made verbally at the meeting and in writing using the IACSF Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form within five (5) business days. Written disclosures shall be submitted to the Secretary-General, who shall maintain a Conflict of Interest Register.

Each Covered Person shall complete and submit an Annual Conflict of Interest Disclosure Statement at the commencement of their role and at the beginning of each calendar year thereafter. Submission of the Annual Statement does not relieve a Covered Person of their ongoing obligation to disclose specific conflicts as they arise.

25.2.3 — Recusal Procedures

Upon disclosure of a conflict of interest, the Covered Person shall immediately recuse themselves from all deliberation, discussion, and voting on the matter; leave the meeting room (or virtual meeting space) during deliberation and voting; take no action to improperly influence the outcome; and not be counted in determining quorum for the vote on the matter.

If the Commissioner has a conflict of interest, the Commissioner shall disclose it to the Board Chair and recuse from all involvement. The Board Chair shall designate an alternate to perform the Commissioner’s functions with respect to that matter.

25.2.4 — Record-Keeping and Related-Party Transactions

The Secretary-General shall maintain a Conflict of Interest Register recording all disclosures, ensure verbal disclosures are reflected in meeting minutes, and retain all records for a minimum of seven (7) years. Meeting minutes shall record the name of the disclosing Covered Person, the nature of the interest, the matter involved, and the action taken.

The Federation shall not enter into any contract, transaction, or arrangement with a Covered Person or Related Party unless the Covered Person has fully disclosed the relationship, has been recused from the decision, the Board has determined the terms are fair and in the Federation’s best interests, and the transaction has been approved by a majority of disinterested Directors. All related-party transactions so approved shall be documented in writing.

25.2.5 — Enforcement

Violations of this section — including failure to disclose a known conflict of interest — may result in voidance or rescission of any action taken in violation of this section; disciplinary action under Article XX, up to and including removal from office or termination; and personal liability for losses suffered by the Federation. The Federation prohibits retaliation against any Covered Person who in good faith discloses a conflict of interest or reports a suspected violation.

Section 25.3 — Confidentiality

25.3.1 — Confidential Information Defined

“Confidential Information” means any non-public information relating to the IACSF or its activities, including:

• Governance and Deliberations: Board, Executive Committee, and Standing Committee discussions, deliberations, and voting records not reflected in adopted public minutes; legal advice and attorney-client communications; pending or contemplated rule changes, enforcement actions, or governance decisions not yet publicly announced.

• Disciplinary and Legal Matters: All information relating to disciplinary investigations, hearings, and proceedings, including the identity of complainants, respondents, witnesses, charges, findings, and sanctions; settlement agreements; pending or threatened litigation or regulatory proceedings.

• Commercial and Competitive Information: Business plans, strategic plans, and expansion strategies; proposed or pending commercial agreements and term sheets; intellectual property in development; proprietary technical standards under development.

• Personal Information: Personal data of participants, officials, employees, and contractors, including health, financial, and contact information; information disclosed through the Whistleblower Protection process.

25.3.2 — Obligations of Covered Persons

Covered Persons shall not disclose Confidential Information to any person outside the IACSF except as expressly permitted under this section or as required by applicable law. Covered Persons shall access and use Confidential Information only to the extent necessary for the legitimate performance of their Federation duties (need-to-know principle) and shall take reasonable precautions to protect it from unauthorized access, including using password protection and encryption for electronic files, storing physical documents securely, and not accessing Confidential Information on unsecured networks.

The obligations of this section survive the end of a Covered Person’s service, employment, or engagement with the Federation for as long as the information remains non-public and continues to have commercial or legal significance, and in any event for a minimum of five (5) years from the end of service.

25.3.3 — Permitted Disclosures

Confidential Information may be disclosed: with prior written authorization of the Board or Commissioner; to legal counsel, auditors, or other professional advisors subject to appropriate confidentiality obligations; as required by applicable law, court order, or regulatory requirement (provided that, where legally permissible, prompt written notice is given to the Commissioner before disclosure so that the Federation may seek protective relief); in connection with any proceeding to enforce this section; or where the information has become publicly available through means other than a breach of this section.

25.3.4 — Return of Materials and Breach

Upon the end of service or upon request, a Covered Person shall promptly return or destroy all materials containing Confidential Information, including physical documents, electronic files, and all copies or excerpts, and shall certify in writing that all such materials have been returned or destroyed.

Any actual or suspected unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Information shall be immediately reported to the Commissioner in writing. Unauthorized disclosure constitutes a material breach and may result in disciplinary action under Article XX, civil legal action, or referral to law enforcement where required by applicable law.

Section 25.4 — Whistleblower Protection

25.4.1 — Purpose and Scope

The IACSF is committed to safe, lawful, ethical, and transparent operations. This section establishes a confidential mechanism through which individuals may report suspected violations of law, the IACSF Bylaws, the Code of Ethics, or other Federation policies, and ensures that individuals who report in good faith are protected from retaliation. This section applies to all Directors, the Commissioner, committee members, officers, employees, contractors, Member Teams, licensed participants, officials, and any other person associated with the Federation (“Eligible Reporters”).

25.4.2 — Reportable Conduct

The following types of conduct may be reported under this section:

• Violations of the IACSF Bylaws, Code of Ethics, Conflicts of Interest Policy, or Confidentiality obligations;

• Fraud, financial misappropriation, embezzlement, or other financial misconduct;

• Bribery, corruption, or improper payments;

• Manipulation of competition results or judging;

• Safety violations or concealment of safety incidents;

• Harassment, discrimination, or abuse involving Federation personnel or participants;

• Violations of applicable federal, state, or international law;

• Retaliation against any person for reporting a concern under this section.

25.4.3 — Reporting Channels

The IACSF shall maintain the following confidential reporting channels:

• Email to the Commissioner or designated Ethics Officer;

• Written submission delivered in a sealed envelope marked “CONFIDENTIAL — ETHICS REPORT” to the IACSF Secretary-General;

• A confidential electronic log administered by the Commissioner or designated Ethics Officer, through which concerns may be submitted;

• Direct report to the Board Chair, appropriate where the concern involves the Commissioner or senior leadership.

Reports may be submitted anonymously. The Federation encourages reporters to identify themselves where possible, as this generally enables a more complete investigation. Reports should include, to the extent possible: a description of the conduct, relevant dates and persons involved, identity of any witnesses, and any supporting documents.

25.4.4 — Good Faith Requirement

This section protects individuals who report concerns in good faith — based on a reasonable belief that the reported conduct has occurred or is occurring. Reports that are known by the reporter to be false or substantially fabricated are themselves a violation of the Code of Ethics and may subject the reporter to disciplinary action. This provision does not apply to reports that are investigated and determined to be unfounded, provided they were made in good faith.

25.4.5 — Confidentiality of Reports

The IACSF shall handle all reports with strict confidentiality. The identity of the reporter shall not be disclosed to any person outside the investigative process without the reporter’s consent, except where disclosure is required by applicable law or court order, or where disclosure is necessary to conduct a fair investigation and cannot be avoided (in which case the reporter will be notified in advance, where possible). All reports, investigation files, and related communications shall be maintained in a secure, access-restricted system.

25.4.6 — Investigation Procedures

All reports received through the reporting channels shall be acknowledged within five (5) business days. Reports presenting credible information of potential violations shall be investigated promptly and thoroughly by the Commissioner or designated Ethics Officer (for matters not involving senior leadership), an independent outside investigator appointed by the Board (for matters involving the Commissioner, Directors, or where independence requires), or the Judicial and Disciplinary Committee consistent with Article XX procedures.

The IACSF shall endeavor to complete investigations within sixty (60) days of receipt of a report. Complex matters may require additional time. The reporter (if identified) shall be informed of the general status of the investigation at reasonable intervals. Upon completion, the Commissioner or investigator shall prepare a written summary of findings and recommended actions for Board review and action consistent with Article XX.

25.4.7 — Anti-Retaliation Protection

The IACSF strictly prohibits retaliation against any Eligible Reporter who, in good faith, submits a report under this section; participates in or cooperates with a Federation investigation; refuses to participate in conduct they reasonably believe violates applicable law or Federation policy; or exercises any right protected by applicable law. “Retaliation” includes any adverse action taken because of such protected conduct, including termination, demotion, exclusion from competitions, suspension of Federation rights, harassment, and hostile treatment.

Any person who believes they have experienced retaliation shall report it immediately through the reporting channels in Section 25.4.3 or directly to the Board Chair. Retaliation is a serious violation of this section and the Code of Ethics, and may result in disciplinary action under Article XX, including removal from office, suspension, or expulsion, irrespective of the outcome of the underlying report.

25.4.8 — Record-Keeping and No Waiver of Rights

The Secretary-General shall maintain a secure register of all reports received, including date of receipt, general nature of the concern, investigation status, and outcome. Individual report files shall be maintained for a minimum of seven (7) years and treated as Confidential Information under Section 25.3. Nothing in this section waives, limits, or restricts any right an Eligible Reporter may have under applicable law to report suspected violations to any governmental authority, regulatory agency, or law enforcement body.

ARTICLE XXVI — ANTI-DISCRIMINATION AND INCLUSION

Section 26.1 — Non-Discrimination

The IACSF shall not discriminate against any individual or organization on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, national origin, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, or any other characteristic protected by applicable law. All individuals shall have equal opportunity to participate in aerial combat sport under IACSF jurisdiction, subject to demonstrated qualification and applicable safety requirements.

Section 26.2 — Harassment-Free Environment

The IACSF is committed to a harassment-free environment at all Federation events and activities. Harassment, including sexual harassment, bullying, intimidation, and abuse, whether physical, verbal, or online, shall be grounds for disciplinary action. All officials and employees shall complete mandatory anti-harassment training.

ARTICLE XXVII — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 27.1 — Language

The official language of the IACSF is English. In the event of a discrepancy between an English version and any translation, the English version shall control.

Section 27.2 — Severability

If any provision of these Bylaws is found to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, such provision shall be severed and the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect.

Section 27.3 — Waiver

No failure by the IACSF to enforce any provision of these Bylaws shall constitute a waiver of the right to enforce that provision in the future.

Section 27.4 — Force Majeure

The IACSF shall not be liable for failure to fulfill its obligations due to circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, pandemic, governmental action, or civil aviation authority restrictions.

Section 27.5 — Electronic Records and Notices

The IACSF may conduct business, maintain records, give notices, and hold meetings using electronic means to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Electronic signatures shall be deemed equivalent to handwritten signatures.

Section 27.6 — Parliamentary Authority

To the extent not otherwise provided in these Bylaws, proceedings of the IACSF shall be governed by a recognized parliamentary authority in its most current edition, as selected by the Board.

ARTICLE XXVIII — AMENDMENTS TO BYLAWS

Section 28.1 — Proposal of Amendments

Amendments to these Bylaws may be proposed by any Director, the Commissioner, any Standing Committee, or any Member Team in good standing. Proposed amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Secretary-General with a statement of the purpose and rationale for the change, and shall be reviewed by the Commissioner pursuant to Section 8.3.

Section 28.2 — Notice

Written notice of any proposed amendment, including the full text of the proposed change and its intended effect, must be distributed to all Member Teams not less than fourteen (14) calendar days prior to the meeting at which the vote will occur.

Section 28.3 — Adoption

These Bylaws may be amended only by a two-thirds (2/3) supermajority vote of all Member Teams in good standing at a duly noticed meeting of the Board.

Section 28.4 — Protection of Core IACSF Authority

No amendment shall be adopted that:

• Reduces or eliminates the authority of the Commissioner to enforce IACSF rules and safety standards.

• Diminishes the IACSF's control over intellectual property, media rights, or sponsorship rights.

• Compromises the IACSF's ability to impose discipline, fines, assessments, or execute Conservatorships.

• Weakens safety, insurance, or regulatory compliance requirements.

Any proposed amendment affecting these core IACSF authorities shall require a unanimous vote of all Member Teams in good standing.

Section 28.5 — Commercial and Media Protection

No amendment may be adopted that interferes with, diminishes, or conflicts with existing IACSF commercial agreements, media rights contracts, sponsorship agreements, or licensing arrangements.

Section 28.6 — Regulatory and Legal Compliance

No amendment shall be adopted that would place the IACSF or its Member Teams in violation of applicable laws, aviation regulations, insurance requirements, or contractual obligations.

Section 28.7 — Effective Date

Unless the adopting resolution specifies a later effective date, amendments shall take effect upon adoption. Amendments shall not apply retroactively to disciplinary proceedings or contractual obligations already in force unless expressly provided and permitted by applicable law.

ARTICLE XXIX — DISSOLUTION, ASSET PROTECTION, AND WINDING UP

The IACSF is established as a long-term governing federation intended to preserve competitive integrity, commercial value, safety oversight, and media continuity. Dissolution is an extraordinary action and shall be undertaken only in the most extreme circumstances and in a manner that protects the value of the IACSF, its Member Teams, and its commercial partners.

Section 29.1 — Unanimous Approval Required

The IACSF may be dissolved only upon a unanimous vote of all Member Teams in good standing at a duly noticed meeting of the Board, with not less than ninety (90) days written notice provided to all Member Teams.

Section 29.2 — Protection of Commercial and Media Rights

Prior to any dissolution, the IACSF shall take all necessary steps to honor, assign, wind down, or otherwise protect: media and broadcast agreements; sponsorship and licensing agreements; intellectual property rights and trademarks; and event host agreements and venue contracts. No dissolution action shall impair existing contractual obligations without lawful resolution.

Section 29.3 — Asset Preservation

All IACSF assets, including intellectual property, media libraries, branding, equipment, and contractual rights, shall be preserved and valued as commercial assets of the IACSF. Such assets shall not be liquidated in a manner that diminishes their market value. No individual Member Team or third party may claim ownership of IACSF intellectual property, media rights, Rulebooks, branding, or commercial relationships as a result of dissolution. All such rights shall remain collectively owned and may be transferred or sold only as part of an organized disposition approved by unanimous vote.

Section 29.4 — Winding-Up Committee

Upon approval of dissolution, the Board shall appoint a Winding-Up Committee consisting of the Commissioner and selected Member Team representatives to oversee the orderly wind-down of IACSF operations.

Section 29.5 — Payment of Obligations

IACSF funds shall be applied, in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations, to satisfy in order: outstanding insurance, safety, and regulatory obligations; outstanding contractual commitments; and administrative and legal costs of dissolution.

Section 29.6 — Distribution of Remaining Assets

After satisfaction of all obligations, any remaining assets or proceeds shall be transferred to one or more organizations organized and operated exclusively for purposes consistent with the IACSF's mission, as determined by unanimous vote of the Board and in accordance with applicable non-profit law. No assets shall be distributed to Member Teams, directors, officers, or private individuals upon dissolution.

Section 29.7 — Preservation of IACSF Legacy and Records

All historical records, statistics, media archives, and championship records shall be preserved as part of the IACSF legacy and maintained in an orderly archive or transferred to an appropriate custodian.

IACSF | Official Bylaws and Governing Charter | 2026

CERTIFICATION OF ADOPTION

We, the undersigned, being the duly authorized members of the Founding Board of Directors of the International Aerial Combat Sport Federation, Inc., hereby certify that the foregoing Bylaws were duly adopted at a meeting of the Founding Board of Directors held on the date indicated below, and that they constitute the official governing Bylaws of the IACSF.

Commissioner: _______________________________ Date: __________________

Chairperson, Board of Directors: ______________ Date: __________________

Secretary-General: ___________________________ Date: __________________

Member Team Director: _______________________ Date: __________________

Member Team Director: _______________________ Date: __________________

INTERNATIONAL AERIAL COMBAT SPORT FEDERATION, INC.

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